EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality globally. This integrative review aimed to evaluate the effects of physical activity on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 32 studies were selected, including randomized clinical trials, observational studies and systematic reviews. The results demonstrated a significant association between regular physical activity and reduced cardiovascular risk, with positive effects on blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin resistance. Different types of exercise, such as aerobic and resistance exercise, have been linked to substantial benefits on cardiovascular health. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship was observed between physical activity and cardiovascular risk, indicating that higher levels of activity are related to a lower risk of cardiovascular events. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which physical activity exerts its protective effects and to identify effective strategies for promoting long-term adherence. In conclusion, this review reinforces the importance of physical activity as an integral part of cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies, highlighting the need for policies and programs that promote an active lifestyle for cardiovascular health.