GUILLAIN-BARR SYNDROME IS A LITERATURE REVIEW OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND VACCINES THAT CAN RESULT IN GBS

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy that affects 1-2 individuals per 100,000 every year worldwide. It causes, in its classic form, symmetric weakness in the proximal and distal muscles of the limbs, with common involvement of the cranial nerves, particularly facial weakness. Objective: The scope of this narrative review was to analyze the number of GBS cases before and after March 2020 in Brazil and around the world. Methodology: Descriptive study, with a retrospective approach through a literature search based on data obtained in articles listed free in the PubMed and SciELO databases, published in different periods, the first being from 2010 to 2019 and the second from 2020 to 2023. Results and discussion: In 22 articles published in the first period of analysis, a predominance of arboviruses was noted as a common cause of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, with emphasis on the Zika Virus which, on February 1, 2016 , was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Importance by the World Health Organization - WHO. There are other reported cases that identify H1N1, Hepatitis E and Campylobacter Jejuni infection as causing GBS, as well as the administration of vaccines related to these. Therefore, in 10 articles published in the second period of analysis, the continuity of causes prior to the new Coronavirus pandemic was noted in case reports and studies on Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Conclusion: The increase in viral load in circulation among the human population, whether due to the transmission of certain pathogens or attempts to prevent them, may be linked to the increase in the number of GBS diagnoses in Brazil and around the world.