DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: RISK FACTORS AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Abstract

This article brings up the discussion about diabetes mellitus (DM), which is a chronic metabolic disease with an exorbitant representation in the population today. In this contribution, we address diabetes as one of the pathologies that occurs within a heterogeneous group of biological disorders, dominating a complex network of factors, be they genetic, environmental and lifestyle. The objective was to describe the main risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and its clinical treatments, focusing on a multidisciplinary approach. We carried out a bibliographic review and critical analysis of scientific studies as a methodology, focusing on authors who addressed the historical context of the topic, as well as other writers who updated the topic. We conclude that genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors are the most involved in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cause a profound impact on people's quality of life. The typical clinical profile of the patient with diabetic retinopathy is manifested by a long history of diabetes. Late diagnosis of diabetes can lead to a significant delay in starting treatment. This article recognizes the importance of multidisciplinary treatment for diabetic patients that guarantees a holistic approach to care and more complete attention.