TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY

Abstract

Cataract surgery is an ophthalmological procedure widely performed around the world to restore vision in patients affected by opacities in the lens. Although it is considered a safe and effective intervention, postoperative complications can occur, affecting patients' quality of life and requiring specific treatment. These complications can vary in severity and include everything from ocular inflammation, corneal edema, to endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. Adequate treatment of postoperative complications is essential to ensure satisfactory results and minimize the negative impact on the patient's vision and well-being. Objective: to analyze the scientific literature available in the last 10 years on the treatment of postoperative complications of cataract surgery. We aim to identify the different therapeutic approaches used, evaluate their effectiveness, and provide a comprehensive overview of the most successful treatment strategies and their implications for clinical practice. Methodology: the databases used were PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science. The Descriptors Used were: "cataract surgery complications treatment," "postoperative complications cataract surgery," "ophthalmic surgical procedures outcomes," "cataract surgery adverse events," "cataract surgery management." The Inclusion Criteria correspond to: Studies published in the last 10 years; Studies related to the treatment of postoperative complications of cataract surgery; Articles, studies and scientific books that present information relevant to the topic. The Exclusion Criteria were:  Studies published before 2013; Studies not related to the treatment of postoperative complications of cataract surgery and Studies that are not available in the selected databases. Results: 15 studies were selected. The systematic review identified a number of treatment strategies for postoperative complications of cataract surgery. Key topics covered in the literature include the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids to control postoperative inflammation, the management of corneal edema, surgical interventions for endophthalmitis, and the treatment of retinal detachment after cataract surgery. . Additionally, innovative approaches such as the use of anti-VEGF agents to treat vascular complications have been found. The review provides valuable insights into the effectiveness and challenges of each therapeutic strategy, contributing to a better understanding of the treatment of postoperative complications of cataract surgery. Conclusion: The treatment of postoperative complications of cataract surgery is a crucial aspect of ophthalmology, which aims to preserve and improve patients' vision. This systematic literature review highlighted several therapeutic approaches employed over the last 10 years, providing essential information for ophthalmologists and researchers. An in-depth understanding of available treatment strategies and their effectiveness is critical to improving patients' quality of life and optimizing clinical outcomes in cataract surgery.