RIDING THERAPY: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH FOR THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES AND SPECIFIC NEEDS

Abstract

This article discusses equine therapy as a multidimensional therapeutic approach that aims to promote the biopsychosocial development of individuals with disabilities and special needs. Equine therapy is a therapeutic method that uses the horse as an intervention instrument, providing a series of physical, cognitive and emotional stimuli to the participants. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of equine therapy as an effective intervention in the habilitation and rehabilitation of people with disabilities and special needs. The multidimensional focus of equine therapy encompasses physical, psychological and social aspects, providing comprehensive benefits to participants. In the physical aspect, equine therapy stimulates motor development, improving balance, posture and coordination. The horse's three-dimensional movements replicate human movement patterns, strengthening specific muscle groups and contributing to the development of proprioception. In the psychological aspect, the interaction with the horse promotes the improvement of self-esteem, self-confidence and self-image. The relationship between the horse and the participant creates a unique therapeutic environment characterized by affection, empathy and non-verbal communication. This interaction promotes the release of endorphins and the reduction of stress, contributing to emotional well-being. In the social aspect, equine therapy offers opportunities for the socialization and integration of the participants. Based on scientific evidence, several studies have demonstrated the benefits of equine therapy in the biopsychosocial development of individuals with disabilities and special needs. However, more research is needed to deepen the understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms involved and to establish more precise guidelines and protocols for the practice of equine therapy. In conclusion, equine therapy stands out as a multidimensional therapeutic approach that promotes the biopsychosocial development of individuals with disabilities and special needs. Its holistic approach, combined with interaction with the horse, offers a unique therapeutic environment that stimulates growth and improves the quality of life for these people.