COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES IN CHAGAS DISEASE: SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in certain regions of Latin America and represents a significant public health issue. Accurate and swift diagnosis plays a pivotal role in the effective management of the disease, enabling appropriate therapeutic intervention and preventing transmission. The general objective of the study was to compare different laboratory diagnostic techniques for Chagas disease, with a focus on sensitivity, specificity, and other relevant characteristics of these techniques. The analyzed techniques encompass ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), immunofluorescence assay, and Western Blot. Through a review of scientific literature, the results of comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of these techniques in various clinical and epidemiological settings will be explored. Additionally, factors that may influence diagnostic accuracy, such as the disease stage and genetic diversity of the parasite, are discussed. The study aims to provide essential information to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers, assisting them in selecting the most suitable diagnostic technique to effectively address Chagas disease.