URGENCY AND EMERGENCY, NURSE CARE FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM POLYTRAUMA IN CAR ACCIDENTS

Abstract

The nursing professional performs an assistance aiming all the biopsychosocial  context of the patient, this must be integral, fast and complete in order to identify possible  traumas and quickly minimize the damages that can put his life in risk, the accident victim  must be supported by the professional and welcomed as well as his family must also be  aware of the health condition and the procedures that will be performed to treat the client's  demand, the professional must meet the needs by promoting comfort, humanized care and  performing the correct techniques based on the aggressiveness of the trauma suffered. Trauma is described as a set of changes caused by a violent action, physical or chemical, external to the body, which may cause serious injuries. The most common injuries in  accidents are fractures of lower and upper limbs, contusions, dislocations, abrasions,  traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injuries, abdominal and chest injuries, The traumatic  brain injury (TBI) is present in most traffic accidents and can be classified as primary or  secondary in individuals affected, this trauma when it does not lead to death leaves severe  and debilitating sequelae, which causes the individual a permanent dependency thus  causing great damage to their quality of life. The mnemonic XABCDE is used for primary  assessment of polytrauma in the out-of-hospital environment, because it allows faster  identification of injuries that may lead the victim to death, the standardization of  assistance to the polytrauma patient consists of the following order the letter (X) refers to  bloody hemorrhages, the letter (A) refers to opening of the airway and stabilization of  the cervical, (B) refers to ventilation and chest expansion, (C) refers to circulation,  assessing pulses and signs of internal bleeding and shock, (D) refers to the neurological  status and (E) assesses the exposure of the passive client to care.