TYPE 1 DIABETES AND ASSOCIATED AUTOIMMUNE COMORBIDITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that affects the β cells of the pancreas and is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases, especially thyroid disease. Despite its genetic basis, many patients have no family history or combination of high-risk alleles, making prevention a challenge. The destruction of β cells occurs due to multifactorial autoimmunity, and the coexistence of other autoimmune diseases may be due to antigen similarities in various tissues. Among the autoimmune diseases related to T1D, gastritis type A, celiac disease, vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus stand out. Healthcare professionals should be alert to potential autoimmune disorders in T1D patients, especially in children, as coexisting diseases can complicate treatment. The approach should be comprehensive and judicious, preventing developmental issues in children. Lastly, given the rising prevalence of T1D, a multidisciplinary team is essential to provide adequate support to the patient and their family.