MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY: THE DA VINCI ROBOTIC SYSTEM IN OPERATIVE PRECISION AND POSTOPERATIVE RECOVERY

Abstract

Background: Robot-assisted surgery provides advanced imaging and wristed instruments, but clinical advantages depend on the procedure. Objective: To critically examine operative precision and postoperative recovery after robot-assisted surgery compared with laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, or open approaches. Methods: This narrative critical review drew on randomized trials, comparative cohorts, and relevant evidence syntheses, with targeted verification of indexed records and published reports available through November 2, 2026. Evidence was organized by procedure, comparator, outcome and study design. No exhaustive systematic search or original meta-analysis was performed. Results: Selected trials in rectal cancer, prostatectomy, and cystectomy found procedure-specific benefits in locoregional outcomes or functional recovery. For uncomplicated inguinal hernia repair, clinical advantages were not demonstrated despite longer operating times and higher costs. Large cholecystectomy cohorts yielded conflicting associations with bile duct injury. Conclusion: Technical dexterity alone does not establish improved morbidity, survival, or value. Clinical decisions should consider the operation, team experience, relevant comparators, and patient-centered outcomes.