LIPID PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN WESTERN PARANÁ, BRAZIL

Abstract

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and represents a major public health concern. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow, usually resulting from atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation, leading to myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Risk factors associated with coronary artery disease include obesity, dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and physical inactivity, as well as advanced age and personal or family history of cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia plays a central role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), contributing to arterial wall thickening and atherosclerosis progression. Given the high prevalence and clinical burden of AMI, understanding the lipid profile of affected patients is essential for developing prevention and management strategies. Accordingly, this study aimed to characterize the clinical profile of patients with AMI, identify associated comorbidities, and assess the relationship between lipid levels and the occurrence of ACS. The findings revealed that 100% of the patients included in the study had at least one lipid parameter outside the recommended therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the study population consisted predominantly of older male patients, with a high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, particularly systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking.