MUSCLE WASTING AFTER ICU ADMISSION: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT ON THE IMPACT ON CRITICAL PACIENT RECOVERY AND THE EFFICACY OF NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES

Abstract

 Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission frequently leads to severe muscle wasting and long-term functional impairment. Objective: To evaluate the impact of critical illness on muscle mass and physical function in ICU survivors by integrating a multidisciplinary experience report with a systematic review of nutritional and rehabilitation strategies. Methods: Mixed-method study combining a clinical experience report with a systematic review of 12 primary studies (selected from 33 screened), assessed using RoB 2, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and GRADE. Results: Muscle atrophy occurs hyperacutely within the first 7–10 days of ICU stay (10%–30%), accompanied by a high prevalence of myosteatosis (83.7%) and ICU-acquired weakness. High-protein intake (1.5–2.2 g/kg/day) and targeted supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), whey protein, and amino acids attenuated muscle loss and reduced mechanical ventilation duration. However, functional recovery depended on the mandatory synergy between hyperproteic nutrition and active physical exercise (cycle ergometry). Conclusion: Reversing secondary sarcopenia and restoring physical independence in ICU survivors require integrated clinical protocols combining high-protein nutrition therapy and early motor rehabilitation.