THE IMPACT OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (NMES) ON ICU-ACQUIRED WEAKNESS (ICU-AW) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CRITICAL OUTCOMES: AN ANALYSIS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION TIME

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence regarding the impact of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on muscle strength and mechanical ventilation duration in patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted using the PubMed, LILACS, and CAPES Journals databases, covering studies published between 2021 and 2026. Six articles that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Results: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation demonstrated benefits in preserving peripheral and respiratory muscle mass, as well as the potential to reduce the incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness, particularly in patients receiving deep sedation and older adults. Stimulation frequencies ranging from 20 to 50 Hz and daily sessions lasting 20 to 60 minutes were associated with reductions in mechanical ventilation duration and hospital length of stay. Medium-frequency currents also showed benefits related to functionality and dynamic balance. Conclusion: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a promising therapeutic strategy for minimizing the effects of prolonged immobilization. However, the methodological heterogeneity of the studies highlights the need for standardized clinical protocols to optimize functional outcomes.