REPERCUSSIONS OF FIREARM-RELATED FACIAL TRAUMA IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of facial trauma caused by firearm injuries in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery, considering anatomical, functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial damage, as well as rehabilitation needs. This is a narrative literature review conducted through searches in the SciELO, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, comprising fifteen publications, including case reports, retrospective studies, and reviews. The results showed a predominance of complex injuries, including comminuted fractures, mainly mandibular fractures, soft and hard tissue loss, as well as hemorrhagic and neurological risks and airway obstruction. Among the functional repercussions, occlusal changes, limited mouth opening, paresthesia, and difficulties with chewing, swallowing, phonation, and breathing were highlighted. Aesthetic consequences, such as scars, asymmetries, and deformities, may compromise self-image and social interaction, and are associated with anxiety, social isolation, insomnia, and emotional distress. The complexity of these injuries requires careful therapeutic planning, continuous follow-up, and integration among healthcare professionals. Therefore, treatment requires an individualized approach aimed at anatomical, functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial recovery, promoting comprehensive rehabilitation and the patient’s social reintegration.