THE ROLE OF THE DENTAL SURGEON IN THE PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

Abstract

Introduction: The oral cavity of critically ill patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) undergoes rapid deterioration and dental biofilm accumulation, functioning as a major reservoir for opportunistic pathogens linked to the onset of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). The implementation of oral hygiene protocols and the integration of Hospital Dentistry have been recommended as key strategies to mitigate this infection risk. Objective: To analyze scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of oral hygiene practices, biofilm removal methods, and the relevance of dental surgeons within the ICU team for VAP prevention. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted in the PubMed, BVS/LILACS, and SciELO databases, covering articles published between 2021 and 2024. Primary and secondary studies discussing oral care protocols and the role of dentists in adult ICU intubated patients were included. Results and Discussion: The literature indicates that mechanical biofilm removal, particularly through tooth brushing, provides the most robust evidence for reducing VAP incidence, outperforming the standalone use of chemical antiseptics. Combining tooth brushing with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution yielded the highest effectiveness. Furthermore, the inclusion of a dental surgeon within the multidisciplinary ICU team enhances early diagnosis of oral infectious foci, enables personalized care, and optimizes the supervision of nursing routines. Conclusion: Mechanical control of oral biofilm is essential for preventing VAP. Incorporating dental surgeons into the ICU setting strengthens comprehensive care for critically ill patients, optimizing preventive protocols and reducing hospital-acquired respiratory complications.