THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a descriptive clinical term characterized by erythema, epithelial desquamation, erosions, and pain in the gingival mucosa. It is not an isolated entity, but a non-specific manifestation predominantly associated with autoimmune mucocutaneous dermatoses, such as oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, and mucous membrane pemphigoid. Misdiagnosis is common, frequently leading to confusion with biofilm-induced gingivitis. Objective: To discuss the relationship between desquamative gingivitis and underlying autoimmune diseases, addressing etiopathogenic aspects, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar in September 2026. Ten original studies and reviews published between 2020 and 2026 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included. Results: Incisional biopsy combined with direct immunofluorescence remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Therapeutic management requires individualization targeted at the underlying disease, combining topical or systemic corticosteroids/immunomodulators, strict biofilm control, and innovative therapies (laser and topical tacrolimus). Conclusion: DG demands early diagnosis to identify the underlying systemic condition. The dentist's role in combining accurate diagnosis with local biofilm control is essential for therapeutic success and patient quality of life.