DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS PERIPHERAL COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent chronic disease characterized by metabolic alterations resulting from insulin deficiency or resistance, with a significant systemic impact. Among its main repercussions are peripheral complications such as neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease, responsible for pain, functional limitations, and amputations. In this context, understanding pathophysiological mechanisms, associated factors, and preventive strategies becomes essential to improve care and reduce adverse outcomes in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to analyze the main peripheral complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus, emphasizing their relationship with disease control. A systematic literature review was conducted using scientific databases, encompassing publications between 2021 and 2026. Full articles in Portuguese and English related to the topic were included, while undergraduate theses, dissertations, theses, abstracts, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The results highlighted diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease as the main complications, frequently associated with diabetic foot, infections, and a higher risk of amputations. Factors such as inadequate glycemic control, prolonged disease duration, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and comorbidities, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, showed a significant contribution to the worsening of the condition. It is concluded that Diabetes Mellitus is associated with relevant peripheral complications, with a direct impact on quality of life, reinforcing the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and continuous monitoring to reduce complications and improve patient prognosis. Furthermore, educational interventions and multidisciplinary follow-up contribute to treatment adherence and self-care, reducing risks and promoting better long-term clinical outcomes for this population assisted in a comprehensive manner.