THE BENEFIT OF USING PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS IN THE INTESTINAL HEALTH OF DAIRY CALVES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The rearing of dairy calves is a crucial stage in cattle production, determining herd replacement and overall productivity. During the neonatal period, calves face immunological and digestive challenges that can compromise intestinal health and proper growth. In this context, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics emerges as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics, promoting microbial balance, improved digestibility, and immune strengthening. This literature review aimed to compile and discuss scientific evidence regarding the effects of these additives on the nutrition and intestinal health of dairy calves. The studies reviewed indicate that probiotics enhance beneficial bacterial colonization and reduce diarrhea incidence; prebiotics stimulate the growth of desirable microorganisms and improve intestinal integrity; and synbiotics synergistically amplify these effects. It is concluded that the use of natural microbial additives contributes to animal welfare, performance improvement, and sustainability in dairy production systems.