REFORMULATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION: THE CENTRALIZATION OF POWER AND THE LACK OF EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES

Abstract

This article offers a critical analysis of the current structure of the United Nations (UN) Security Council, focusing on the concentration of decision-making power and the limited effective participation of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The research is grounded in the observation that the Council's configuration, established in 1945, no longer reflects contemporary geopolitical and economic dynamics. The study examines institutional and political barriers to reforming the Security Council, particularly regarding the expansion of permanent members and the reassessment of veto power. Through a qualitative and bibliographic approach, this work analyzes reform proposals from blocs such as BRICS and G4, emphasizing Brazil's diplomatic efforts toward a more representative international governance. It also discusses the relevance of multipolarity as a path toward more balanced international relations and the construction of a new, inclusive, democratic, and efficient global order. By reflecting on the challenges and opportunities for change, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the legitimacy, effectiveness, and fairness of the international system.