USE OF PROBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES

Abstract

The use of probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, especially given the growing recognition of the importance of the intestinal microbiota in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. This integrative review aimed to analyze the most recent scientific evidence on the clinical efficacy of probiotics in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, functional constipation, and infectious gastroenteritis. Twenty-seven studies published between 2015 and 2024 were selected, including randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The results indicated that different probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Saccharomyces boulardii, promote symptomatic improvement, modulation of the inflammatory response, and restoration of intestinal microbiological balance. However, methodological heterogeneity among studies makes it difficult to standardize protocols regarding dosage, duration, and strain used. It is concluded that, although probiotics do not replace conventional therapies, they constitute a safe and effective complementary therapeutic resource, and their indication should be based on updated evidence and individualization of treatment.