PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES FOR POST-VIRAL OLFACTIVE DYSFUNCTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) has become an increasingly observed condition, especially after the spread of COVID-19. Despite the considerable impact on patients' quality of life, effective therapeutic alternatives are still scarce and lack standardization. This systematic review aimed to critically analyze the available evidence on pharmacological interventions used in the management of PVOD. A literature review was performed in the main medical databases using the descriptors “olfactive dysfunction” and “post-viral”, using the Boolean operator “AND”. All articles published between 2015-2025 were included in the primary analysis. Topical corticosteroids have shown moderate efficacy in selected cases, while systemic corticosteroids have shown conflicting results and potential adverse effects. Vitamin A has shown promising benefits, especially in combination with olfactory therapy. Substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have shown variable responses, influenced by the severity and duration of the condition. Despite the growing interest in pharmacological interventions for post-viral olfactory dysfunction, current evidence is still insufficient to support their use in a standardized manner. The combination of olfactory therapy with agents such as vitamin A or topical corticosteroids appears to be the most promising approach to date. Additional clinical studies, with greater methodological rigor, are needed to establish safe and effective protocols.