EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents, and to discuss the pharmacist's role in promoting their rational use. It is an integrative literature review, descriptive in nature and qualitative in approach, conducted using scientific databases including SciELO, LILACS, BVS, and PubMed. The research included studies published between 2020 and 2025, using the descriptors "depression," "antidepressants," "adolescent," "child," and "mental health." A total of 12 articles were selected for the final sample. The results indicate that the treatment of depression in childhood and adolescence requires an individualized, interdisciplinary, and evidence-based approach, taking into account both the benefits and potential risks associated with different therapeutic strategies. Fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, and amitriptyline emerged as prominent treatment options, particularly when combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The primary adverse effects included gastrointestinal issues, agitation, and sedation, alongside a potential link to suicidal behavior—underscoring the need for professional monitoring and, when indicated, gradual discontinuation. It is concluded that early diagnosis, continuous follow-up, family support, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life for this population.