PERDA AUDITIVA INDUZIDA POR RUÍDO

Abstract

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a predominantly bilateral and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss resulting from prolonged exposure to high levels of sound pressure. Its pathophysiology is based on mechanical damage to hair cells and, crucially, on cochlear oxidative stress, where excess Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) triggers cell apoptosis via caspase activation. Diagnostically, NIHL is characterized by audiometric notching at frequencies of 3,000, 4,000, or 6,000 Hz, with initial preservation of low frequencies. The use of otoacoustic emissions stands out as a tool for early detection of damage to outer hair cells. Since it is a pathology without the possibility of spontaneous biological regeneration, clinical management focuses on cessation of exposure and auditory rehabilitation. It is concluded that the implementation of effective Hearing Conservation Programs (HCPs), coupled with epidemiological surveillance, is imperative to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts and hearing morbidity in occupationally exposed populations.