INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH METABOLIC DISEASES: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This article addresses the functions of the intestinal microbiota in maintaining metabolic and immunological homeostasis, highlighting its direct influence on the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, the objective of the present study was to review the scientific literature on alterations of the intestinal microbiota in different metabolic diseases, including diabetes, exploring its relationship with the gut-brain axis and the associated therapeutic possibilities. For this purpose, an integrative review was conducted, gathering six articles that outlined the research. The review compiles scientific evidence linking microbial imbalance, known as dysbiosis, to low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance — key factors in metabolic alterations. In addition, it discusses the therapeutic potential of interventions aimed at restoring microbiota balance, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The findings reinforce the relevance of the microbiota as a promising target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. Interventions such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation show therapeutic potential by restoring microbial balance and improving metabolic health.