BOVINE MASTITIS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland that causes major economic losses and poses risks to public health. Its etiology may be physiological, traumatic, allergic, metabolic, or infectious, with Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli being the most frequent pathogens. The disease occurs in clinical and subclinical forms and is classified as contagious or environmental according to the origin of the agent. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, tests such as the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and milk microbiological culture. Treatment involves targeted antibiotic therapy guided by sensitivity testing, although the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials has promoted bacterial resistance. Prevention is essential for control and includes proper management, hygiene during milking, isolation of infected animals, and nutritional support. Beyond reducing productive losses, preventive management ensures the production of safe, high-quality milk. Therefore, effective mastitis control requires an integrated approach that emphasizes the rational use of antibiotics and sustainable practices to promote animal health, herd welfare, and food safety.