BLEPHAROPLASTY: CLINICAL INDICATIONS AND BENEFITS

Abstract

Introduction: Blepharoplasty, a surgical procedure dedicated to the correction of the eyelids, has emerged as a prominent intervention in both the field of cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. With advancing age, or due to genetic factors, the delicate skin of the periorbital region often exhibits signs such as excess skin, formation of fat pockets and muscle sagging, which can give a tired or aged appearance to the face, in addition to, in certain cases, compromising visual functionality. This surgery has historically sought to restore a more youthful and rested eyelid contour, addressing the anatomical alterations that distort the gaze and impact facial expression. Objective: The objective of this systematic literature review was to identify and synthesize the available scientific evidence, published in the last ten years, on the main clinical indications and the functional and aesthetic benefits associated with blepharoplasty. Methodology: The methodology of this systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA checklist guidelines. A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science, including articles published in the last ten years. The following main descriptors and their corresponding terms in English were used: "Blepharoplasty", "Eyelids/surgery", "Dermatochalasis", "Rejuvenation" and "Treatment Outcome". The inclusion criteria established were: studies that evaluated adult patients undergoing blepharoplasty, articles that clearly described the clinical indications or benefits of the procedure, and publications in the form of original studies. Studies performed on animal models, case reports with fewer than five patients, and review articles or editorials that did not present primary data were excluded from the analysis. Results: The results consolidated from the analyzed scientific literature indicated that the most prevalent clinical indications for blepharoplasty included dermatochalasis, defined by excess redundant skin in the upper or lower eyelids, eyelid ptosis, characterized by the drooping of the upper eyelid that could obstruct the visual axis, and the presence of herniated fat pads. Additionally, surgery was indicated to correct eyelid malpositions such as ectropion and entropion. The benefits consistently reported in the studies included a significant improvement in the periorbital aesthetic aspect, resulting in a rejuvenated and rested appearance, and important functional gains, notably the expansion of the upper visual field in patients with severe dermatochalasis or ptosis, positively impacting quality of life, self-esteem and the performance of daily activities. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the studies, it was concluded that blepharoplasty was configured as a surgical procedure with solid clinical indications, capable of providing substantial and long-lasting aesthetic and functional benefits. Careful patient selection and appropriate surgical technique were crucial to optimizing results and ensuring satisfaction and improving the quality of life of individuals undergoing the procedure.