THE IMPACT OF CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY ON CRIMINAL CONTROL: ATONEMENT BEYOND SOCIAL REVENGE

Abstract

This study aims to understand the role of Criminal Sociology and Contemporary Criminal Sociology in analyzing the causes of crime, exploring how social, political, legal and economic factors contribute to criminality. The work emphasizes the relationship between social inequalities, state failures to guarantee the existential minimum and the perpetuation of crime, as well as addressing the impact of the prison system on criminal recidivism. The methodology employed includes the analysis of sociological theories, such as Consensus Theory and Criminal Ecology Theory, which interpret crime as a natural social phenomenon, and theoretical and bibliographical research to evaluate the interaction between delinquent behavior and legal and social systems. The role of criminal law as a normative science complementary to criminology is also investigated. The results highlight that the precarious state and the inhumane prison system favor crime, while alternatives such as education, professional training and social inclusion have preventive potential. The study points out that preventive measures are more efficient than segregation in degrading conditions. It concludes that an integrated approach between sociology, criminology and criminal law is fundamental to promoting social pacification, balancing the application of punishment with the search for the recovery of the individual and the reduction of social inequalities.