ENFERMEDADES CRÓNICAS NO TRANSMISIBLES CAUSADAS POR LA OBESIDAD: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA BASADA EN LA METODOLOGÍA PRISMA

Resumen

Objective: To investigate the relationship between obesity and the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), analyzing the main evidence published between 2020 and 2024. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Descriptors included obese, non-communicable diseases, chronic disease, systemic, PRISMA, and pathophysiology. Observational studies, cohort studies, and systematic reviews published between January 2020 and December 2024, in English or Portuguese, were included. Results: Obesity showed a direct association with increased incidence and severity of multiple NCDs, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, body fat-related cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases. Pathophysiological mechanisms such as insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction emerged as central mediators. Evidence indicates that socioeconomic and dietary factors amplify the population risk of NCDs associated with obesity. Conclusion: Obesity is a multifactorial determinant of NCDs, whose prevention requires integrated approaches involving nutritional interventions, physical activity, dietary regulation, and public policies to control the obesogenic environment.