LAPARATOMY VS LAPAROSCOPY IN CHOLESCYSTECTOMY: NA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEAN LENGTH OF HOSPITAL STAY OVER THE PAST ELEVEN YEARS

Abstract

Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis are the main causes that lead to cholecystectomy. Cholelithiasis is given by the presence of gallstones in the inner part of the gallbladder, which can lead to obstruction of the flow of bile and generate an inflammatory process known as cholecystitis. The symptoms of that are abdominal pain in the region of the right hypochondrium and/or epigastrium, which can radiate to the scapula, associated with nausea and vomiting, with a maximum duration of 6 hours; exceeding this time and associated with more systemic signs corroborate the diagnosis of cholecystitis. This study aims to analyze the average length of stay of patients undergoing cholecystectomy by the Unified Health System (SUS), comparing the laparoscopic technique with laparotomy in order to analyze which is the best for patients. A descriptive epidemiological survey was carried out and the SUS hospital admissions information system was used for this purpose. With this, it was possible to verify that the average of days of hospitalization of the patients, from table 1, submitted to laparotomy was 4.7 days and, in the laparoscopy, it was 4 days. While Table 2 showed a total of 115,726 hospitalizations, with the open route being the predominant technique. In 1882, the first open cholecystectomy took place, performed by Carl Langenbuch and in 1985, Erich Mühe performed the first laparoscopic surgery, enabling a procedure that triggers a lower metabolic endocrine response to trauma. Laparoscopic surgery tends to have benefits compared to laparotomy; however, laparotomy should not be charmed.