CRIMINOLOGY X SOCIOLOGY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE MACROSOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATORY THEORIES OF CRIME AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOLOGY

Abstract

Criminology studies the criminal phenomenon itself, for this it makes use of studies carried out in various branches of knowledge. Among the main areas are biology, psychology and criminal sociology. This is because they are biological, psychological and sociological issues that can explain and, eventually, prevent criminal behavior. In opposition to biology and criminal psychology, the model called Criminal Sociology emerged, according to which it sought to emphasize the importance of the environment or environment in the genesis of criminality, contemplating the criminal event as a social phenomenon and intended to explain it in terms of a certain theoretical framework. This article aimed to understand the conceptual and methodological aspects of the theories that seek to explain criminal behavior, distinguishing the different sociological schools and their relationship with Sociology. The research problem was as follows: What are the conceptual and methodological aspects of sociological theories that seek to explain criminal behavior? And what is your relationship with Sociology? As specific objectives, we sought to: gather information on the following topics: criminology; criminal sociology; macrosociological theories under consensual and conflict approaches; understand the conceptual and methodological aspects of theories that seek to explain criminal behavior; distinguish the different sociological schools and relate them to Sociology. The method used was inductive, based on bibliographic research, as well as on works by the main criminological and macro-sociological authors such as Penteado Filho; Schecaira; Zaffaroni; Becker; Gomes, among others. In general terms, it was in this universe that the research was developed, seeking to understand the conceptual and methodological aspects of the theories, distinguishing the different sociological schools and relating them to Sociology. In this study, it was possible to identify and reaffirm the importance of the study of criminology together with sociology, important for all those who cooperate in the prevention of crime and in the treatment of criminals, that is, politicians, magistrates, police, prosecutors, lawyers, public defenders, jurists, professors, among others. There is also the advancement of social sciences and new legal sciences, increasingly concerned with social and human problems.