SPATIAL ANALYSIS METHODS APPLIED TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LEPROSY IN BRAZIL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

This study aims to identify the spatial analysis methods employed in epidemiological studies on leprosy in Brazil, considering the methodological characteristics and main findings of the investigations. This is a systematic review conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, and SciELO databases, covering publications from 2016 to 2026. Original studies with nationwide scope that applied spatial analysis methods were included, totaling nine studies in the final synthesis. A predominance of ecological designs based on secondary data was observed, with emphasis on the use of Moran’s Index and spatial scan statistics for cluster identification. The results reveal persistent territorial patterns and a concentration of the disease in areas of greater vulnerability. A limited use of more integrated analytical approaches was also identified. It is concluded that spatial analysis contributes to understanding the distribution of leprosy and represents a strategic tool for health planning and for addressing inequalities.