EL IMPACTO DEL RACISMO EN LA SALUD MENTAL DE LA POBLACIÓN NEGRA

Abstract

Introduction: Historically, the Black population in Brazil has been subjected to processes of subordination, invisibility, and social exclusion. This reality is reflected in restricted access to public policies and a prevalence of employment in hazardous working conditions, resulting in disproportionately high exposure to poverty, violence, and elevated mortality rates. Objective: To analyze the impact of racism on the mental health of the Black population. Methodology: This is a qualitative and exploratory integrative literature review. Databases were accessed between March and April 2026. The search for articles utilized the BVS, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Articles published in full text in Portuguese, English, and Spanish between 2021 and 2026 were included. Ten articles were selected for the study. Results: Of the 10 articles analyzed, all identified racism as a social determinant with a negative impact on the mental health of the Black population. Most studies highlighted institutional racism as a barrier to accessing and receiving quality mental health care, as well as the invisibility of psychological distress—manifested as anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem. Furthermore, several studies emphasized the need for anti-racist training for professionals and the implementation of public policies aimed at racial equity. Conclusion: It is concluded that racism, particularly in its structural and institutional dimensions, constitutes a significant determinant of psychological distress among the Black population, reinforcing the need for public policies, the training of health professionals, and the implementation of anti-racist care practices aimed at promoting health equity.