CLINICAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND AESTHETIC OUTCOMES OF RECONSTRUCTIONS IN PLASTIC SURGERY AFTER HEAD AND NECK CANCER RESECTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Head and neck cancer poses a significant oncological and reconstructive challenge, with tumor resections often resulting in complex defects that compromise vital functions and facial aesthetics. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on clinical, functional, and aesthetic outcomes of reconstructions performed after head and neck cancer resection. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searches were conducted in PubMed and LILACS databases over the last five years, including articles in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with observational or experimental designs. A total of 3037 initial records were identified, and after applying filters, removing duplicates, and careful screening, 21 articles were included in the final synthesis. Results demonstrated that hospital volume and team experience directly influence outcomes; virtual surgical planning showed benefits in mandibular reconstruction; anterolateral thigh and supraclavicular flaps demonstrated versatility and good results; and psychosocial factors, such as body image, deserve equal attention to technical complications. It is concluded that head and neck reconstructions present multifactorial outcomes, with success measured not only by flap viability but also by functional recovery and the patient's aesthetic and psychological well-being.