IMPACTS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA ON MATERNAL-FETAL HEALTH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE OBSTETRIC NURSE: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Preeclampsia stands out as one of the main pathologies responsible for high rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. It is characterized as a hypertensive syndrome exclusive to the gestational period, of multifactorial nature, whose placental failures and lesions in the systemic endothelium severely compromise the mother-fetus dyad. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of preeclampsia on maternal health and fetal development from the perspective of the obstetric nurse. The methodology adopted was an integrative literature review, developed in six stages, including formulation of the guiding question, search in the LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO and Google Scholar databases, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluation of the level of evidence and thematic analysis of the selected studies. Twelve articles published between 2020 and 2025 were included. In the maternal context, complications such as renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, maternal near miss, and increased mortality were identified, revealing its multisystemic and progressive nature. In fetal development, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, fetal distress, low birth weight, and increased need for neonatal intensive care due to placental insufficiency were observed. It is concluded that pre-eclampsia significantly and simultaneously impacts maternal and fetal health, requiring improved care, adoption of evidence-based protocols, and strengthening of prenatal care to reduce morbidity and mortality.