ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL IMPACTS OF DISTRIBUTED PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION IN LOW-VOLTAGE NETWORKS

Abstract

Distributed photovoltaic generation has shown significant growth in recent years, driven by the search for renewable energy sources, the reduction of technological costs, and regulatory incentives implemented in Brazil. In this context, the integration of photovoltaic systems into low-voltage networks has caused important changes in the operational dynamics of electrical systems, requiring new studies on their technical impacts. This work aimed to analyze the main technical impacts associated with the high penetration of distributed photovoltaic generation in low-voltage distribution networks. The research is characterized as a narrative literature review, of a qualitative and descriptive nature, carried out from the analysis of scientific articles, dissertations, technical standards, and institutional documents published between 2016 and 2026. The results showed that the massive integration of photovoltaic systems can cause overvoltages, power flow reversal, changes in technical losses, phase imbalances, and impacts on the quality of electrical energy. Furthermore, the need for modernization of electrical networks was observed, through the use of smart technologies, energy storage systems, and advanced operational control strategies. In conclusion, the expansion of distributed photovoltaic generation offers significant environmental and energy benefits, but requires technical planning and infrastructure investments to ensure the reliability and efficiency of distribution networks.