EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT ADOLESCENTS AND THE IMPACT ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH

Abstract

Adolescence is a phase marked by intense biopsychosocial transformations, and also a period of greater vulnerability to risky behaviors, especially in the area of ​​sexual and reproductive health. In this context, the occurrence of early pregnancy associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitutes an important public health problem, with significant repercussions for maternal and child health. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of STIs in pregnant adolescents and the impacts of these infections on maternal and neonatal health. This is an integrative literature review, carried out through a search for scientific articles in the databases of the Virtual Health Library, including LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using descriptors related to the topic and the Boolean operator AND. Studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, available in full and aligned with the research objective were included. The results showed a high prevalence of STIs among pregnant women, with a higher occurrence in adolescents compared to adult women, associated with factors such as early onset of sexual activity, multiple partners, social vulnerability, and low adherence to prenatal care. It was also observed that these infections are directly related to adverse outcomes, such as premature birth, low birth weight, vertical transmission, neonatal infections, and increased morbidity and mortality. It is concluded that the high prevalence of STIs in pregnant adolescents represents a significant risk factor for maternal and child health, making it essential to strengthen prevention strategies, early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and increased access to quality health services.