ADVANCES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Odontogenic cysts are lesions of the jaws originating from epithelial remnants related to odontogenesis, presenting variable clinical behavior, from asymptomatic growth to aggressive and recurrent forms. The objective of this study was to review recent advances related to the epidemiological, radiographic, histopathological, and therapeutic aspects of these lesions. A narrative literature review was conducted with articles published between 2025 and 2026, addressing diagnostic imaging, artificial intelligence, molecular biomarkers, and surgical management. The results demonstrated that radicular cysts remain the most prevalent lesions, while odontogenic keratocysts and glandular cysts present greater aggressive potential and diagnostic difficulty. Recent studies have shown promising results from artificial intelligence, machine learning, and radionics in differentiating between odontogenic cysts and tumors. In addition, molecular biomarkers have shown relevant prognostic potential. Regarding treatment, conservative and minimally invasive approaches, such as marsupialization and piezosurgery, stood out. It is concluded that the integration of advanced diagnostic technologies and conservative therapies can contribute to greater diagnostic accuracy and better clinical outcomes.