CLINICAL CRITERIA FOR THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic therapy in pediatric dentistry is an essential tool, yet it is frequently used indiscriminately, contributing to bacterial resistance. Prescription must be based on rigorous clinical criteria, prioritizing local treatment for odontogenic infections without systemic signs. Objective: To analyze the main clinical criteria guiding antibiotic use in pediatric dentistry, highlighting indications, contraindications, and the importance of rational use based on current evidence. Methodology: A descriptive and qualitative literature review conducted on PubMed, BVS, and LILACS databases, selecting studies published between 2019 and 2025. Results: The literature indicates a trend of over-prescription, as conditions such as irreversible pulpitis and localized abscesses without systemic involvement do not require antibiotics. Use is indicated only in cases of spreading infection, fever, or at-risk patients (e.g., endocarditis prophylaxis). Conclusion: Prescription must be restricted and individualized, following evidence-based protocols. Continuing education for professionals is essential to standardize conduct and reduce bacterial resistance, promoting safer and more efficient practice.