EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES: ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN CHILDREN’S ORAL HEALTH

Abstract

 Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the pediatric population and is associated with biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors that directly impact children's health and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the main risk factors related to ECC, as well as to discuss effective prevention strategies in promoting children's oral health. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, including articles published between 2021 and 2026, using specific descriptors and strict inclusion criteria. A total of 15 studies were selected to compose the sample. The results showed that sugar-rich dietary habits, inadequate oral hygiene, low socioeconomic status, and early colonization by cariogenic microorganisms are determining factors in the development of the disease. On the other hand, preventive strategies such as fluoride use, health education, and early dental care proved effective in reducing the incidence of ECC. It is concluded that the prevention of early childhood caries requires an integrated approach involving health professionals, families, and public policies in order to promote better oral health conditions and quality of life in childhood.