MATERNAL-FETAL COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

Abstract

Bacterial meningitis during pregnancy, although rare, represents a highly severe condition associated with significant maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Physiological changes inherent to pregnancy, such as immunological modulation and a prothrombotic state, increase susceptibility to certain pathogens and may worsen disease progression. This study aims to review recent literature on maternal-fetal complications associated with bacterial meningitis in pregnant women, emphasizing pathophysiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects. A narrative literature review was conducted, including articles published between 2016 and 2026 in the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, using the descriptors “meningitis,” “pregnancy,” and “maternal-fetal outcomes.” The findings indicate that bacterial meningitis during pregnancy is associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality, including complications such as sepsis, septic shock, seizures, and permanent neurological deficits. From a fetal perspective, outcomes include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal death, prematurity, and neonatal infection, with increased severity in cases related to Listeria monocytogenes. Delayed diagnosis and late initiation of antibiotic therapy remain the main modifiable prognostic factors. Early recognition, prompt antimicrobial treatment, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential to reduce adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.