ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF TRAUMA TO PRIMARY TEETH ON PERMANENT DENTITION

Abstract

Trauma to primary teeth is common in childhood and can affect the development of permanent dentition. Injuries such as intrusion and avulsion may cause aesthetic and functional sequelae, and the proximity to permanent tooth germs increases the risk of damage. Early diagnosis and management are essential. This study aimed to analyze the impacts that trauma to primary teeth can have on the development of permanent dentition, considering their clinical, functional, and aesthetic implications. Data collection was conducted in online databases from February to June 2025, including PubMed and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the keywords “trauma in primary teeth” and “sequelae in permanent dentition,” with the operators “OR,” “AND,” and “NOT.” Experimental research and literature review articles available in full text in Portuguese and English were included, while abstracts, conference proceedings, dissertations, monographs, theses, and books or articles not available in full text or not aligned with the proposed objectives were excluded. Trauma to primary teeth, especially intrusion and luxation, can directly affect the development of permanent teeth, resulting in hypoplasia, root dilaceration, and eruption disturbances. These effects are more frequent when the trauma occurs between 1 and 3 years of age, a critical period for permanent tooth germ formation. The absence of immediate dental care can exacerbate these sequelae, and the type and severity of trauma directly influence damage to the successor dentition. It is concluded that trauma to primary teeth represents a significant risk factor for anomalies in permanent teeth. Early identification and continuous follow-up are essential to minimize possible sequelae, and the role of the dentist, combined with caregiver awareness, is crucial to ensure healthy dental development.