EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA IN THE REGIONS OF BRAZIL BETWEEN 2020 AND 2024

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in childhood, representing about one third of pediatric cancers. Its clinical manifestations are often nonspecific, including fever, bone pain, pallor, bleeding, and lymphadenomegaly, which may make the initial diagnostic suspicion more difficult. However, when diagnosed early and treated appropriately, the disease presents high cure rates. In Brazil, factors such as regional inequalities, differences in health service infrastructure, and limitations in case reporting can influence indicators related to diagnosis, treatment, and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of all in children aged 0 to 9 years across different regions of Brazil between 2020 and 2024, evaluating diagnosis, treatment, and mortality rates, as well as possible regional disparities in access to health services. This is an observational and descriptive study based on secondary data from DataSUS and Gov.br, including records of children diagnosed with ALL during this period. Incomplete or inconsistent records were excluded. The results indicate significant regional differences, with a higher number of diagnoses in regions with better health infrastructure, highlighting the need to expand access to early diagnosis and specialized treatment in the country.