METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Abstract

Metabolic acidosis is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in patients undergoing hemodialysis, which can increase morbidity and mortality and compromise quality of life. This study conducted an integrative literature review to analyze the recognition and management of metabolic acidosis in emergency situations. National and international articles, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and case reports published between 2020 and 2025 were selected. The results indicate that metabolic acidosis contributes to CKD progression, promoting protein catabolism, muscle mass loss, and cardiovascular complications. Effective management involves continuous laboratory monitoring, pharmacological correction, adjustments in dialysis regimens, and individualized nutritional strategies. Furthermore, ensuring emergency care for hemodialysis patients in any hospital is essential to prevent severe decompensations. Multidisciplinary approaches and standardized emergency protocols are crucial to optimize care, reduce complications, and improve clinical outcomes. This study highlights the need for future research to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated protocols in managing metabolic acidosis.