DISCOVERING THE LINKS BETWEEN BRUXISM AND ANXIETY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

Introduction: Bruxism, characterized by teeth grinding or clenching, is a common condition that has often been associated with psychological factors, particularly anxiety. The increasing prevalence of bruxism, along with the complexities of its pathophysiology, underscores the need for a deeper understanding of its relationship with anxiety. Objective: This study aimed to critically analyze the available scientific literature to investigate whether anxiety is a factor associated with the onset of bruxism, examining patterns of association, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted, following PRISMA guidelines, with systematic searches in the Medline, EMBASE, and Virtual Health Library databases. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 that investigated the relationship between bruxism and anxiety were included. Results: The review included 12 studies that consistently showed an association between anxiety and bruxism, highlighting that anxiety may act as a triggering factor for bruxism, especially in individuals predisposed to psychological disorders. However, the methodological quality of the studies varied, with many showing limitations in aspects such as randomization and blinding, suggesting caution in interpreting the results. Discussion: Most of the reviewed studies supported the hypothesis that anxiety is associated with bruxism, despite variations in methodological quality. This complex relationship is influenced by various biological and psychosocial factors, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in managing these conditions. Conclusion: The study concluded that anxiety is significantly associated with bruxism, reinforcing the need for a clinical approach that includes both dental treatment and psychological support, aiming to improve the quality of life for affected patients.