CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY AND REHABILITATION IN THE PRISON SYSTEM

Abstract

Criminal sociology is a branch of sociology that studies the motivation and perpetuation of crime in society. The analysis of crime by sociology dates back to its beginnings with Émile Durkheim and continues with the studies of Max Weber and the sociology of law, where sociologists describe the criteria for judging crimes, and follows the concept of crime of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. After analyzing the thinkers on the concept of crime and how, over time, the motives that lead a person to commit crimes have not changed much, we will have a brief history of how the prison system in Brazil emerged and then follow the context of the present day. We will examine studies of social vulnerability and how this individual came to be a criminal. How does the delinquent emerge in the context of the present day? What is the current state of the Brazilian prison system? The problems it faces with overcrowding, disease, gangs, and the school of crime. This work also aims to shed light on this highly controversial topic: the resocialization of prisoners. After all, the issue of prisoner reintegration is still considered a utopia by many. The role of the government and prison education in attempting to mitigate this transformation, the judiciary, and the role of society in assisting the return of these prisoners to the status of citizens are also examined. A brief overview of proposals that could help solve the problems of the prison system is also presented. As a methodological procedure for the construction of this article, an exploratory bibliographic research was carried out, as well as research in online sources.