PHYLLODES TUMOR RISK FACTORS, MANAGEMENT, AND PROGNOSIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze phyllodes tumors of the breast, addressing their risk factors, therapeutic options, and prognosis, based on evidence available in recent scientific literature. To this end, a systematic review was conducted in national and international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, considering publications between 2018 and 2023. After applying previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 47 relevant studies were selected for analysis. The results demonstrated that the main risk factors described involve possible mutations in the MED12 gene, hormonal influence, and a family history of breast neoplasms, although without definitive proof. Surgical resection with clear margins remains the treatment of choice, being fundamental to reducing the risk of local recurrence, especially in borderline and malignant tumors. Radiotherapy proved to be an alternative in cases of compromised margins, while chemotherapy is indicated mainly in metastatic situations. It is concluded that phyllodes tumors exhibit variable clinical behavior, requiring rigorous surgical management, continuous postoperative follow-up, and increased investment in research aimed at identifying prognostic molecular markers.