DYSLIPIDEMIA: UPDATES AND CHALLENGES IN CLINICAL MANAGEMENT IN 2025

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is directly related to the increase of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (acute myocardial infarction and stroke), making it a public health concern. In this context, the most recent guidelines from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC); the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) from 2025, as well as updated articles, bring stricter LDL cholesterol targets, reinforcement of non-pharmacological measures, incorporation of the PREVENT Score and the extreme risk category, and measurement of lipoprotein A. Furthermore, the importance of combining drugs and options such as PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and inclisiran is emphasized, which should be used to optimize therapy according to the patient’s classification and specifics, in order to mitigate cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, there are still obstacles to adopting this therapy: cost and underuse by healthcare professionals.