EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN WOMEN OF FERTILE AGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE

Abstract

Introduction: Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable outside the uterus. It is an important public health issue, more common in developing countries, and contributes to increased maternal mortality. Spontaneous abortion has become frequent among women of reproductive age. Objective: To present the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with spontaneous abortion. Method: Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria: intervention study, randomized study, multicenter cohort study, systematic review, articles available in full text, in Portuguese and English published between 2016 and 2025, free access, and addressing the topic “Spontaneous abortions in women of childbearing age, incidence and associated factors.” Abstracts, theses, dissertations, and monographs were excluded. Results/Discussion: Final considerations: Spontaneous abortion is a multifactorial event, with increased risk associated with advanced maternal age, previous obstetric history, clinical conditions (such as obesity and endocrine disorders), lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol), and socioeconomic determinants, highlighting the need for preventive and individualized clinical approaches to identify and mitigate risks before and during pregnancy.