ERGONOMICS IN THE WORKPLACE: AN ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS

Abstract

Ergonomics in the workplace aims to adapt work to people, preventing occupational injuries and illnesses, such as repetitive strain injuries (RSI)/work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), increasing well-being and improving the productivity of healthcare professionals. The general objective of this work is to analyze, based on academic and technical publications, how ergonomics can contribute to the prevention of occupational risks in the workplace, especially among nursing and dentistry professionals. To this end, the methodology adopted was a systematic literature review, conducted in the Scielo, BVS, LILACS, and PubMed databases, adhering to rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis of the studies reveals a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, back, and shoulder regions due to excessive working hours, improper posture, and repetitive movements. Therefore, the discussion points to ergonomic interventions, such as modifications to workstations, the use of appropriate equipment, and physical exercise programs, as being effective in reducing the development of WRMSDs, decreasing symptoms, and promoting occupational health. In conclusion, ergonomics, combined with physiotherapy and postural education, constitutes a fundamental tool for prevention and promotion of occupational health, and helps reduce absenteeism and improve quality of life at work.