NATURAL RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL EFFICACY. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS MECHANISMS IN ECUADOR, BRAZIL AND BOLIVIA

Abstract

Environmental constitutionalism in Latin America has shown significant progress, primarily through the adoption of nature as a subject of rights. Ecuador and Bolivia implement an ecocentric model, while Brazil adopts an anthropocentric model, albeit one supported by robust procedural protection. This article compares these models, examining their effectiveness based on their norms, procedural mechanisms, and jurisprudence. The results demonstrate that effectiveness depends on the coherent integration of the constitution, instruments of protection, and judicial action.