CERVICAL CANCER AND HPV: THE NEED FOR A NEW APPROACH WITH HPV DNA TESTING IN THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a major global public health concern and is strongly associated with persistent infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Although it is a preventable disease with a potentially controllable progression, its incidence remains high, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due to social inequalities and limitations in screening programs. In Brazil, the Pap smear has been the predominant method for early detection, howeverit exhibits reduced sensitivity in certain situations.  In this context, the HPV-DNA test emerges as an innovative and more sensitive alternative, capable of identifying infections by high-risk subtypes prior to the development of precursor lesions. This study aims to review the scientific evidence on the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer, addressing risk factors, biological mechanisms, prevention and diagnostic approaches, as well as discussing the importance of incorporating the HPV-DNA test into the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). This literature reviewundercores the need to update public policies and expand access to new diagnostic technologies in order to reduce mortality and promote greater health equity.